Tag: 20th century revivalism

Trail hitters remain firm, say converts. Circa 1918.

When revival calls crowds to the aisle, a critical question follows: “Will that decision endure?” In 1918, after Billy Sunday’s campaigns, journalists followed up with converts and organizers to ask whether the spiritual fervor survived time. The answers—preserved in this article—offer rare insight into how revival might seed long-term change. Read on to see what those trail hitters said, and what it teaches us about lasting faith.

The Washington Herald. Tue, Jan 29, 1918 ·Page 8

TRAIL HITTERS REMAIN FIRM, SAY CONVERTS

Effect of Sunday Revivals in Other Cities Has Been Permanent.

BY ARTHUR JOYCE.

Does ‘trail hitting’ at Billy Sunday campaign meetings show any permanent results? Are those persons who walk the sawdust aisles over at the Tabernacle interested only in formally shaking the hand of the evangelist – or is there something definite behind it all?

Thousands who have seen approximately 6,000 persons ‘hit the trail’ at the Tabernacle in this city are asking these questions. And about the only way in which they can be answered with any degree of accuracy is to look over the field where the evangelist has campaigned and see what’s the situation a year or two following the campaigns.

I recently had a talk with two influential representatives of cities in which Billy has campaigned and I put the questions to each of them. One is Gen. C. Edward Murray, quartermaster general of New Jersey, the other is Lucius L. Jeddy, head of the Merchants National Bank, of Syracuse, N.Y. Both were Billy Sunday ‘trail hitters’ – Gen. Murray in Trenton, N.J., and Mr. Eddy in Syracuse.

Big Sunday Club.

Gen. Murray is president of the Billy Sunday Club, of Trenton, an organization of ‘trail hitters’ formed after the evangelist’s Trenton campaign. That club now has a big membership and every member in it is personally interested in leading others to Christ.

‘The campaign in Trenton,’ said Gen. Murray, ‘awakened a remarkable interest in Christian work, especially among the men and women who ‘hit the trail.’ Churches have increased their membership to a remarkable extent; booze joints that keeled over; Sunday schools are crowded and everywhere there is shown a wonderful interest in things religious. I know many noted men who have passed up the cigars and joined the church and I know of one politician who formerly represented the booze interests, who has been converted and is now an active election on an anti-booze ticket.

‘On the whole, I should say that the Sunday campaign in Trenton has done more to evangelize the city than any other one happening in recent years. And I’m satisfied that the men who ‘hit the trail’ are still going right with the Lord and are doing their best to lead the aisles for Christ.’

Mr. Eddy told of the workings of the Billy Sunday Club in Syracuse. Every member of the organization was a ‘trail hitter’ and in the last two years, he said, they have led more than 20,000 men to Christian lives.

‘The ‘trail hitters’ not only themselves ‘stuck to their declarations to stand on God’s side,’ said Mr. Eddy, ‘but they’ve inaugurated an active campaign to bring others into the fold. And if that doesn’t show the permanency of ‘trail hitting’ I’ve lost my guess.’

Senator Vardaman, of Mississippi, made the statement that if the evangelist shall win only one person to Christ in his Washington campaign, ‘we will have been well repaid for our efforts in the revival cause here.’

In Philadelphia – three years after the Sunday campaign – there is a ‘trail-hitting’ organization in virtually every church where the evangelist assisted in the revival. There are probably 7,000 members enrolled in these organizations, and they’re campaigning every day to bring others to the church.

In Scranton, Pa., one church added 2,000 members to its rolls within six months after the Sunday campaign. Another Scranton church increased its enrollment by 1,000 in a year following the campaign. The same is true of the churches in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and in Carbondale, Pa., churches.

In Wichita, Kan., three men of national reputation have been converted who call ‘gospel teams.’ These ‘teams’ go about the country and work in the Middle West to preach the gospel and tell of the wonderful work Billy Sunday did in their campaigns. Out of these teams has been formed a National Federation of Gospel Teams’ which are made up of leading men throughout the country – all of whom are either ‘trail hitters’ at Sunday meetings or are in the church as a result of the work of ‘trail-hitters’ who have taken up personal work. These teams have a record of 11,000 conversions to their credit.

Don’t All Stay.

Detroit has a ‘trail-hitters’ club’ of nearly 1,000 members; Los Angeles has one with about 500 men on its rolls; Atlanta has just finished organization of a Billy Sunday Club with several hundred members. And in virtually every city and town where the evangelist has campaigned there are similar organizations continuing the work Billy began. Nearly every ‘trail hitter’ in these places has associated himself with these clubs.

Of course, every person who ‘hits the trail’ isn’t a sticker. But records made by Sunday party experience year after Billy’s campaigns in leading cities show that approximately 85 per cent of those who ‘walk the aisles’ represent permanent converts.

The object of the ‘trail hitting’ is not only to bring to the ‘front’ in a public confession of faith those who have been more before taken any stand in the matter. Billy’s ‘invitations’ are intended to induce the church members to ‘reconsecrate’ themselves and ask to be more earnest Christian life from those who have already ‘accepted’ Christianity.

Legacy & What It Means
This article offers more than historical curiosity: it reveals Sunday’s conviction that conversion must stick. His method didn’t end with a call to the front — it extended into communities, clubs, and networks of believers committed to nurturing change.

Application for Today
In contemporary ministries, it’s easy to emphasize decisions without long-term follow-through. What lessons does Sunday’s model offer us? Perhaps this: revival without discipleship is incomplete.

Reflection & Invitation
If “trail hitters” in 1918 were expected to keep walking, not wander off, who in your context needs that same encouragement today? How will the faith you ignite be sustained, multiplied, and anchored in life?

Rev. J.S. Ladd on Billy Sunday, 1918

I believe profoundly in Mr. Sunday, in the purity of his motive, in the truth of his purpose, the sincerity of his aim, and the transparency of his ambition. He undoubtedly has a divine commission to preach the gospel and the people hear him gladly. Mr. Sunday has a remarkable personality. It is one of his big assets. He is in possession of that undefinable something, the influence of which men feel but cannot explain.

I believe that in Chicago Mr. Sunday’s personality will count for more than in other cities because it has a fuller chance to come to the fore, coming back, as he does, to his home city, the city of so many pleasant associations and sacred memories.

Chicago Tribune. Mon, Mar 18, 1918 ·Page 4

Rev. Billy Sunday grills ministers, 1908

A Richmond, Indiana newspaper (1908)

Gathering of Winona Divines Rated With a Bunch of Bums.

BETTER BE COG WHEEL

And Stop Trying to Be a Whistle Is Sunday’s Advice to Them.

Lake, Ind., Aug. 22.—”I preach to this bunch just I do to a lot of bums, and I don’t see any difference in you. You ministers criticise me, but as long as God puts His mark of approval on my work it is up to you to keep your mouths shut. If God wants you to be a cog wheel you had better stop trying to be a whistle. Some people are all front door. Open it and you are in the back yard. Many a man goes to a seminary and is filled up with a lot of stuff that is of no more use to him than a crane’s legs would be to a setting hen.”

Such was the rhetoric and classical language in which the Rev. “Billy” Sunday the base ball evangelist, addressed the Bible conference at Winona Lake. He told gray-headed ministers how to succeed and grilled those who did not agree with his methods.

Called Rev. Smith “Gyp.”

He talked like a whirlwind and whisked up and down the gamut of Christian effort like a $25,000 limousine. He slapped the distinguished English evangelist, the Rev. Gypsy Smith on the back and called him “Gyp.” “Gyp” smiled a sour smile and looked as pleasant as he could.

While the message of Rev. Billy was as hot and peppery as chili sauce, it was received with fervent “amens” from over the auditorium and at the close “Gypsey” Smith gave his shoulder a pat of approval and Dr. Chapman smiled his approval.

Dr. Chapman said: “Unless a man is born with preach in him he will never get there. Too many preachers are more interested in drawing their salaries than in saving souls. Show me an earnest man and I will show you a man that is making the gang sit up and take notice. The earnest pastor does not sit around and wear out the seat of his pants waiting for something to turn up. The only thing that will turn up for him is the sod in the grave yard.”

The Richmond Item. Sat, Aug 22, 1908 ·Page 2

July 1911 – Hannibal Courier-Post – Billy as Chautauqua headliner

Hannibal, Missouri paper

“BILLY” SUNDAY

Revivalist and Chautauqua Headliner

Image credit: author

Thomas E. Green, well known to Chautauqua audiences published in the June 1910 issue of Hampton’s Magazine, an article on “Revivals and Revivalists.” The whole article is full of interest. Chautauqua Committees who have booked Billy Sunday will do well to secure it, as it furnishes splendid material for publicity. He quotes the following estimates of Sunday’s work in places where he has held meetings: The leading pastor in the converted city, a man of ripe judgment, said: “I looked forward to this thing with a great deal of anxiety. When the evangelist came he quite captured me. He is unique. There is only one of his class, and probably it is well that it is so, but he showed himself sincere and honest. There were 736 conversions, and in addition about 1,500 have united with the churches.”

A very hard-headed banker told me: “The cost to the city was something over $16,000. The evangelist got over $7,000, but he earned every cent of it. If a lot of preachers in this country would do as much in five years as he did in five weeks, and work half as hard, they might be entitled to as much return.”

A leading editor said: “His sermon on ‘booze’ was I believe, the greatest individual effort I ever heard from the platform. He talked to six thousand men, and held them as in the hollow of his hand. Up in our bindery I understand all the boys and girls were converted and they are sure a happy bunch.”

I know of one mid-Western manufacturing city in which a fervid revival was held by one of the greatest revivalists of the day. It was not a “bad town” in the beginning. It was a “river town,” however—a “liberal town.” The saloons had never been officially closed even under state law of the stringent anti-saloon sort. For a city of 25,000 people it was what is called “wide open.” The revivalist came, and for six weeks his work went on. At the next city election, as a direct result of the revival, the people voted out a “liberal” administration, and voted in a “closed town” administration. The saloons were closed, and the town is so well pleased they are likely to remain closed, for a long time.

I have known Billy Sunday ever since the days when he came to the old Chicago Ball Club, the days when with my athletic ardor yet unabated I was “Chaplain” of the League.

Billy played rattling good ball, championship form, and he has kept the same standard during a phenomenal career. His meetings are enormous in size and results. His “thank offerings” are the largest any evangelist has ever received.

“Drunkenness, gambling, adultery, theatre going, dancing, and card playing are damning America, and nothing can save it from ruin but a revival of religion,’ says Billy Sunday.

“You think, then, that our popular amusements and recreations are wrong?”

I know it. Dancing is nothing but a hugging match set to music. It’s the hotbed of licentiousness whether in a fashionable parlor or in a dive. More girls are ruined by it than by all other things combined. Talk about the poetry of motion! It’s just a devilish snare of souls. Let men dance with men and women with women, and the thing wouldn’t last fifteen minutes. The slum dance is better than the club dance, because they wear more clothes at it.”

“Sow bridge whist and you reap gamblers. The man who sits at a table and bets a thousand on a jack pot is no more a gambler than the society belle who plays bridge for a prize.”

That’s Billy Sunday, America’s greatest evangelist. On the platform he “plays ball.” Attitude, gestures, method—he crouches, rushes, whirls, bangs his message out, as if he were at the bat in the last inning, with two men out and the bases full. And he can go into any city in America and for six weeks talk to six thousand people twice a day, and simply turn that community inside out.

Hannibal Courier-Post. Hannibal, Missouri · Thursday, July 27, 1911

Billy’s debt to J. Wilbur Chapman, in his own words

I owe more to Dr. Chapman than to any other man that I ever became a preacher. I traveled with him for two years as an assistant. He picked me up out of the corn rows of Illinois. We went to a town up in Kansas one time to conduct a series of meetings. We were accustomed to have union meetings, but in that place, when we arrived on the scene, we found that they could have had a union meeting had it not been for a quarrel with the Presbyterian church. They had had a fuss and there were a few people live and awake, up-to-date, who said they’d withdraw. So they went down to the bank of the river and they built a church, they had a good live-wire preacher there who was going at a good gait all the time on high gear, while the other fellow had the brakes set.

The Atlanta Constitution. Wed, Nov 07, 1917 ·Page 12

This picture of Chapman hangs on Billy’s wall in his Winona Lake home. It is inscribed with the date 1917.

Grace Saxe’s Prayerbook, c 1911

Source – the author of this article is probably the wife to Evangelist M.B. Williams.

Grace Sax joined the Sunday team in February 191. She immediately assumed the leader of the cottage prayer meetings, as well as Bible teaching and training local churches to handle the fruit of the Sunday revivals.

The Liverpool Evening Review. Wed. Sept 18, 1912:1. Grace is in the center.

This article in a 1911 newspaper gives a glimpse of the importance of prayer to Grace.

Miss Saxe then held up little blank book which is called “Answered Prayer.”

She calls it, “A Record of the Footsteps of a Prayer Hearing and Prayer Answering God.” It is divided into four blank columns headed. First, date of asking; second, the request; third, the special promise pleaded; fourth, date when answered.

In this record she puts only the prayers which to man’s eyes it seem impossible to have answered. All of her prayers, she says, have not been answered thus far—many of them have however been answered fully.

“There are conditions to fulfill if prayers are to be answered.” These seven conditions she has in the back of her “Answered Prayer”

1. Personal condition, Psalm 66:18,

2. Forgiving Spirit, Mark 11:25,

3. Spiritual Motive, James 4:3.

4. Asking, Matthew 7:7,

5. Asking in Faith, Mark 11:24,

6. Asking according to God’s will (not to interfere with His plans) 1 John 5:14,

7. Asking in Jesus name, John 16:23. “Pray so that if it were written we could ask Jesus to sign it.”

In our prayers Miss Saxe suggests that the following should be the form of approach to God: Adoration, Confession, Thanksgiving, Supplication.

Taking the first letters of these words in order, we spell the word Acts. In Genesis 32:9-12 we find that order observed in Jacob’s prayer. In conclusion Miss Saxe suggested the reading of Andrew Murray’s ‘With Christ in the School of Prayer.’—Mrs. A. R. Williams.

Source – the author of this article is probably the wife to Evangelist M.B. Williams.

The following story was printed in a paper on March 3rd, 1915:

“One of the special features of the meeting yesterday afternoon came when Miss Grace Saxe, of Sunday’s party, rushed from the platform and threw her arms around the shoulders of a woman trail hitter. Miss Saxe later explained that the woman was a relative, living in this city, and that she has been praying for her to come to the front since the opening of the campaign.”

TABERNACLE SERVICE RULES AND REGULATIONS, c 1912

Location of tabernacle—Second and Washington streets.

All hats must be removed within building.

Members of choir required to be in their places promptly.

Tabernacle may be entered from any side and ushers will look after all.

A section of reserved seats is provided in the front for those whose hearing is defective. Another block, in direct center, is for the children.

First to arrive have choice of seats, except those in the choir loft which are reserved by checks for members of that body.

No one is permitted to walk through the aisles of the tabernacle while Sunday is preaching. All are expected to refrain from talking or making other unnecessary noises during the services.

Those who attend services are expected to start early so as to not create a disturbance by entering late. Late comers are admitted, but are required to enter building from rear doors. The purpose is to make as little disturbance as possible.

Ushers, officers and firemen, detailed by police and fire departments, will be on duty at all services to prevent disorder or accidents.

Hand books of the campaign, giving detailed information concerning transportation facilities, telephones, committee headquarters, prayer meeting districts and many other important items of information are distributed gratuitous at the tabernacle.

Changes in the hour of holding services, or any other important development, will be given in the Evening Review.

Sept 1912 paper

‘I believe in the Bible!” – Billy Sunday

‘I believe in the Bible, the book of God,’ he cried, ‘because it has delivered the goods, express prepaid, since the beginning of the world. When the consensus of opinion of the latest scholarship says one thing and the word of God says another, the consensus of opinion of the latest scholarship can go to hell!’

Lebanon (PA) Daily News. Wed, Jan 06, 1915 ·Page 10

The Forgotten Mentor: Rev. Rhys Rees Lloyd and the Making of Billy Sunday

“All I am under God, I owe to the Rev. Mr. Chapman and to Prof. R. R. Lloyd of Berkeley, California, with whom I privately studied.”
– Cynon Valley Leader. Sat, Dec 27, 1924 ·Page 2

When historians tell the story of Billy Sunday—the baseball-player-turned-revivalist who shook America from 1900 to 1925—certain names always rise to the surface: William and Nell Sunday, Wilbur Chapman, perhaps John Wilbur Chapman’s evangelistic team.

Yet tucked in old newspaper columns and long-out-of-print yearbooks lies the story of a man whose quiet influence helped shape Sunday’s fiery ministry: Rev. Rhys Rees Lloyd, D.D.

Rev. Rhys Rees Lloyd’s quiet investment in Sunday reminds us that God often does His greatest work through those content to remain unseen.

A Welsh Beginning

Rhys Rees Lloyd was a full-blooded Welshman, born in North Wales to a distinguished minister father and a mother, Miss Williams, from the mining village of Hirwaun, Glamorgan.

His family history read like a hymn to Welsh Nonconformity: his grandfather helped found the local chapel where young Rhys grew in the faith, and the family remained pillars of that congregation for generations.

The old Welsh anthem he loved to quote—Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn anwyl i mi (“The land of my fathers is dear to me”)—captured a devotion to heritage that he never lost.

Educated at the University of Wales, Lloyd excelled in the classical and biblical studies that would become the foundation of a lifelong ministry of preaching, teaching, and mentoring.

Across the Atlantic

In the 1870s Lloyd crossed the ocean, newly married, and settled in Chicago.
There he entered the Chicago Theological Seminary while simultaneously pastoring a city church.

His five and a half years in that pulpit were so fruitful that fellow ministers urged him to train future pastors.

He heeded the call, completing a two-year postgraduate program in New Testament studies.

Before long the West beckoned: Lloyd accepted a chair as Professor of New Testament Greek and Interpretation at Pacific Theological Seminary in Berkeley, California.

For ten years he combined academic rigor with an itinerant ministry of preaching and lecturing that took him across the United States.

A Providential Meeting in Chicago

Meanwhile, in 1886, a young Chicago White Stockings outfielder named Billy Sunday had an encounter that would change his life.

After a street-corner gospel team stirred memories of his devout mother, Billy walked into the Pacific Garden Mission and trusted Christ as Savior.

The next morning, as Sunday headed to the YMCA to begin work as Religious Director, a mutual friend introduced him to Rev. Rhys Lloyd.

The two men could hardly have been more different—one a rough-edged ballplayer with little formal schooling, the other a classically trained theologian steeped in Greek and Hebrew.

Yet in that brief conversation Lloyd quietly offered to help the new believer “whenever he desired.”

Billy accepted.

For more than a decade, usually in the margins of busy schedules, Lloyd tutored Sunday in Scripture, doctrine, and the art of interpretation.

He even helped him with Greek so that Sunday could wrestle directly with the New Testament.

Lloyd asked that the arrangement remain private during his lifetime, but Sunday, brimming with gratitude, often told the story anyway.

More Than a Footnote

A 1914 Scranton Truth article already recognized Lloyd as one of Sunday’s “religious preceptors,” but a richer picture emerged a decade later in a 1924 Cynon Valley Leader profile.

That account celebrated Lloyd’s Welsh roots and confirmed that Billy “spoke of it often and forcibly,” crediting the professor’s ten-year investment in his biblical education.

The article also revealed a life of broad influence:

  • friendships with prominent figures such as General Charles G. Dawes (later U.S. Vice President),
  • lectures across the nation on the results of his biblical research,
  • and quiet philanthropy—helping at least twenty-five young men secure an education.

Mentor of the Evangelist

Lloyd’s mentorship offers a pattern modern ministry often forgets: growth through relationship, formation before fame, discipleship before platform.

It would be easy to blur the lines and call Lloyd “the man who converted Billy Sunday,” as some hometown admirers claimed.

But history is clear: Billy’s conversion took place at the Pacific Garden Mission.
Lloyd’s gift was different and no less vital: he discipled and educated the man who would become America’s most famous evangelist.

Through Rhys Lloyd’s steady hand, Billy Sunday gained:

  • Doctrinal Stability – a grounding in Reformed theology and confidence in the authority of Scripture.
  • Biblical Literacy – enough Greek and interpretive skill to handle Scripture faithfully despite scant formal schooling.
  • Spiritual Example – a model of integrity and intellectual devotion that shaped Sunday’s own passion for the Bible.

A Legacy Worth Remembering

By the early 1920s Lloyd was semi-retired in Chicago, recovering from a long illness, still working on publishing the results of his lifelong biblical studies.
He never sought fame, but his imprint is indelible.

Every time Billy Sunday thundered a sermon before thousands, the careful tutelage of a Welsh professor echoed beneath the sawdust trail.

In the grand narrative of American revivalism, Rev. Rhys Rees Lloyd remains largely unsung—a scholar-pastor whose quiet faithfulness equipped a headline evangelist to shake a nation.

History rarely celebrates the mentors whose quiet faithfulness builds the giants. Yet Lloyd’s story invites us to ask: who shaped us? And who might we be called to shape? Every generation needs its unseen professors who teach others to thunder for God.

Sources: 1914 Scranton Truth, May 4, 1914, p.2; 1924 Cynon Valley Leader, Dec 27, 1924, p.2; contemporary Presbyterian records and Billy Sunday’s own reminiscences.*